The dusty challenge Obtaining reliable level measurement has traditionally been a severe challenge because cement production is such a dusty process. During homogenization, for example, silos are continuously filled and emptied, and the component materials are constantly aerated to ensure good mixing. This creates a tremendous amount of dust that makes it difficult to obtain reliable readings w...

In order to compare and optimize powders regarding flowability and to design powder handling equipment like silos, feeders, and flow promoting devices, it is necessary to know the mechanical properties – the so-called flow properties. In the present paper it is outlined which physical parameters describe the flow properties of a powder or a bulk solid, and how these parameters are determined ex...