introduction: pragmates australis (pa) (common reed) is a riverside perennial grass found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. pa grows in many wetlands around rivers in iran. animal feed restriction is the main problem of iranian animal production systems and this feed resource can be fed to native livestock especially in rural areas. ensiling pa could improve it...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inocula play a key role in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops within inoculated silages. LAB is significant group bacterial community as they successfully reduce pH, inhibit survival undesirable microorganisms control nutrient loss fermented silage. Ensiled plants metabolites such simple plant carbohydrates have been utilized by (homo-fermentative heter...

Forage conservation permits a better supply of quality feed when forage production is low. While haymaking and ensiling have been practiced for generations, research is still needed to 1) understand the processes affecting quality during harvesting and storage and 2) develop practical means to minimize losses and enhance quality. Several trends in harvesting forages for silage are notable. Kern...

IntrodUCtIon Ensiling is an ancient method used to preserve the nutritive value of forages by packing and storing forage in airtight conditions. Silage fermentation occurs naturally under anaerobic conditions (the absence of oxygen). Plants contain native lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and when silage is placed under anaerobic conditions, these LAB produce lactic acid, reducing the pH to a level i...