Background: Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system in older adults. Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of in-person and distance exercise training on the outcomes of knee injury and osteoarthritis among the elderly with limited literacy. Method: In this two-group randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design, 60 elderly patients with knee i...

We describe a new class of algorithms for generating a variety of geometric interfacial motions by alternating two steps: Construction of the signed distance function (i.e. redistancing) to the interface, and convolution with a suitable kernel. These algorithms can be seen as variants of Merriman, Bence, and Osher’s threshold dynamics [25]. The new algorithms proposed here preserve the computat...

Abstract: The bootstrap is a simple and straightforward method for calculating approximated biases, standard deviations, confidence intervals, testing statistical hypotheses, and so forth, in almost any nonparametric estimation problem. In this paper we describe a bootstrap method for variance that is designed directly for hypothesis testing in case of fuzzy data based on Yao-Wu signed distance.

in this paper, we deal with fuzzy random variables for inputs andoutputs in data envelopment analysis (dea). these variables are considered as fuzzyrandom flat lr numbers with known distribution. the problem is to find a method forconverting the imprecise chance-constrained dea model into a crisp one. this can bedone by first, defuzzification of imprecise probability by constructing a suitablem...

An efficient algorithm for accurately simulating curvature flow for large networks of curves in two dimensions and surfaces in three dimensions on uniform grids is proposed. This motion arises in the technologically important problem of simulating grain boundary motion in polycrystalline materials. In this formulation grains are zero level sets of signed distance functions. Curvature motion is ...

Although simple additive weighting method (SAW) is the most popular approach for classical multiple attribute decision making (MADM), it is not practical any more if information is fuzzy. The existing methods of Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting method (FSAW) apply defuzzification which distorts fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, most of the methods usually require lengthy and laborious manipulations. I...

Defuzzification is one of the fundamental steps in the development of fuzzy knowledge based systems. Given a fuzzy set μ over the reference set X, defuzzification applied to μ returns an element of X. While a large number of methods exists for the case of X being a numerical scale, only few methods are applicable when X corresponds to a categorical scale. Aggregation procedures have been extens...

recently, gasimov and yenilmez proposed an approach for solving two kinds of fuzzy linear programming (flp) problems. through the approach, each flp problem is first defuzzified into an equivalent crisp problem which is non-linear and even non-convex. then, the crisp problem is solved by the use of the modified subgradient method. in this paper we will have another look at the earlier defuzzifi...

Abstract. In Sussman, Smereka, and Osher [J. Comp. Phys., 94 (1994), pp. 146–159], a numerical scheme was presented for computing incompressible air–water flows using the level set method. Crucial to the above method was a new iteration method for maintaining the level set function as the signed distance from the zero level set. In this paper we implement a “constraint” along with higher order ...

AbstractIn general, expert rules expressed by imprecise (fuzzy) words of natural language like “small” lead to control recommendations. If we want design an automatic controller, need, based on these fuzzy recommendations, generate a single value. A procedure for such generation is known as defuzzification. The most widely used defuzzification centroid defuzzification, in which, the desired val...