Background: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that differs from typical and other atypical antipsychotics as well. It differs from typical antipsychotics due to its low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms and slight effect on dopamine sensitive prolactin. Another factor that makes it unique from most antipsychotic medications is its indication for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. This ...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used to treat several neurological conditions such as sialorrhea, hyperhydrosis, dystonia, hemifacial spasm, spasticity and pain. Although spasticity has been successfully treated with BTX-A, few are the authors studying the use of BTX-A to treat shoulder pain secondary to stroke. In order to study if BTX-A is effective to treat post-stroke shoulder pain,...

ajp.psychiatryonline.org neuroleptic malignant syndrome (1, 2). Other investigators have reported typical neuroleptic malignant syndrome features from treatment with atypical antipsychotics (4). Although our patient presented with neck stiffness, no rigidity was found, and no fever was initially noted. Additionally, he did not manifest a number of symptoms associated with neuroleptic malignant ...

In this review, we summarize the most important recent developments in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In terms of disease-modifying treatment options, several drugs such as dexpramipexole, pioglitazone, lithium, and many others have been tested in large multicenter trials, albeit with disappointing results. Therefore, riluzole remains the only directly disease-modifying d...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors causing falling among patients with schizophrenia hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were divided into either those having experienced a fall within the past one year (Fall group, 12 patients) and those not having experienced a fall (Non-fall group, 7 patients), and we examined differ...

Niemann-Pick disease type C is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is characterized by severe visceral and neurologic involvement. The age of clinical onset diverges widely and the patients can present with a wide-ranging spectrum of signs and symptoms. As literature on anaesthetic implications of these patients is scarce, we analysed the anaesthetic management of a 20-year o...

The possibility of inducing Parkinson's syndrome in cats was investigated in three kinds of lesions: by microinjection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of substantia nigra (SNC), bilateral injection into the SNC and globus pallidus (GP) and into the SNC and caput nuclei caudati (NC). In all three kinds of lesions of the dopaminergic system disturbances of behavior involving...