Bioinformatics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, 41A Sredniy Avenue, 198207, St. Petersburg, Russia Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University Ft Lauderdale, 8000 N. ...

a Center of Gravitation and Fundamental Metrology, VNIIMS, Ozyornaya St. 46, Moscow 117361, Russia; Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology, PFUR, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, Moscow 117198, Russia b Department of Theoretical Physics, Ulyanovsk State University, Leo Tolstoy St. 42, 432000 Ulyanovsk, Russia; Department of General Physics, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Lenin’s 100 years Sq., ...

Postembryonic development in higher plants is marked by repetitive organ formation via a self-perpetuating stem cell system, the shoot meristem. Organs are initiated at the shoot meristem periphery, while a central zone harbors the stem cells. Here we show by genetic and molecular analyses that the ZWILLE (ZLL) gene is specifically required to establish the central-peripheral organization of th...

In this paper, a generalized buck-boost Z-H converter based on switched inductors is proposed. This structure consists of a set of series connected switched-inductor cells. The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed structure is adjusted by changing the number of cells and the duty cycle. Like the conventional Z-H converter, the shoot-through switching state and the diode before LC network ar...

Developing biostimulants from salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria is an emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture in the context of increasing soil salinization. This study aimed to isolate endophytic (EB) capable promoting rice seed germination and seedling growth at different NaCl concentrations. Nine EB strains were isolated two, ST.6 ST.8, with effect 99.3 99.7 %, respec...

Elstar apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on M.9 rootstock received either 5 or 35 g N tree(-1) year(-1) during the first two growing seasons after planting, applied as Ca(NO(3))(2) on a daily basis for nine weeks through a drip irrigation system. During the third growing season (1994), all trees were treated with 20 g N tree(-1) year(-1) as (15)NH(4) (15)NO(3) with applications starting on A...

Plants continuously extend their root and shoot systems through the action of meristems at their growing tips. By regulating which meristems are active, plants adjust their body plans to suit local environmental conditions. The transport network of the phytohormone auxin has been proposed to mediate this systemic growth coordination, due to its self-organising, environmentally sensitive propert...

Since leaves are essentially energy-gaining organs, the arrangement of leaves in time (leaf phenology) and in space (canopy architecture) in both seasonal and nonseasonal environments can be viewed as a central element in plant strategies for carbon gain. Interrelationships among leaf longevity, leaf habit, and leaf-emergence pattern together with shoot architecture affect plant productivity. L...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼21-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development through directing the degradation of target mRNAs. Axillary meristem activity, and hence shoot branching, is influenced by a complicated network that involves phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and strigolactone. GAI, RGA, and SCR (GRAS) family members take part in a var...

We present an operational method for estimating the amount of PAR intercepted by a coniferous shoot. Interception of PAR by a shoot is divided into three components: the amount of radiation coming from the sky, the transmission of radiation through the surrounding vegetation, and the shoot' s silhouette area facing the direction of the incoming radiation. All three components usually vary with ...