We present a global solution to a Riemann problem for the pressure gradient system of equations. The Riemann problem has initially two shock waves and two contact discontinuities. The angle between the two shock waves is set initially to be close to 180 degrees. The solution has a shock wave that is usually regarded as a free boundary in the self-similar variable plane. Our main contribution in...

We predict that Coulomb explosion of a nanoscale cluster, which is ionized by high-intensity laser radiation and has a naturally occurring spatial density profile, will invariably produce shock waves. In most typical situations, two shocks, a leading and a trailing one, form a shock shell that eventually encompasses the entire cluster. Being the first example of shock waves on the nanometer sca...

Extracorporeally generated shock waves were first used for kidney stone fragmentation in 1980 and have since become the method of choice for most kidney and ureteral stones. More than 10 years later, shock waves were successfully utilized for the treatment of several musculoskeletal diseases. Shock waves are mechanical waves passing through the surface of a body without causing injury and may a...

Electron acceleration mechanism at high Mach number collisionless shocks propagating in a weakly magnetized medium is investigated by a self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. Simulation results show that strong electrostatic waves are excited via the electron-ion electrostatic two-stream instability at the leading edge of the shock transition region as in the case of earli...

High-order methods are critical for reliable numerical simulation of strong-shock and turbulence interaction problems. Such problems are not well understood due to limitations of numerical methods. Most widely used shock capturing methods for the numerical simulation of compressible flows are inherently dissipative, only first order accurate and may incur numerical oscillations near the shock w...

Ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in dense quantum plasmas whose constituents are electrons, positrons, and positive ions are investigated. We assume that ion velocity is weakly relativistic and also the effects of kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents is considered. By using the reductive perturbation method, the Korteweg–deVries–Burger (KdV-B) equation is derived. Keywords—Ion...

The transient phenomena of incident shock waves during its passage through an orifice, a diverging nozzle, and a conical disk as baffles in a tube are numerically simulated. The influence of geometrical configurations of the baffles on shock attenuation is investigated. The results show that the conical disk was most effective configuration to weaken the strength of transmitted shock waves, sin...

We study the first-order Fermi acceleration process at parallel shock waves by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A ’realistic’ model of the magnetic field turbulence is applied involving sinusoidal waves imposed on the background mean field parallel to the shock normal. The finite-amplitude magnetic field perturbations lead to locally oblique field configurations at the shock and the respective...

We use the SU (2) coherent state path integral formulation with the stationary phase approximation to investigate, both analytically and numerically, the existence of shock waves in the one-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnets with anisotropic exchange interaction. As a result we show the existence of shock waves of two types, " bright " and " dark " , which can be interpreted as moving magnetic...

A particle acceleration mechanism by radiation pressure of precursor waves in a relativistic shock is studied. For a relativistic, perpendicular shock with the upstream bulk Lorentz factor of γ1 ≫ 1, large amplitude electromagnetic (light) waves are known to be excited in the shock front due to the synchrotron maser instability, and those waves can propagate towards upstream as precursor waves....