Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the major foodborne pathogens. Having observed the wide distribution of this pathogen in wild deer, we report here the draft genome sequence of five STEC strains isolated from wild deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan.

Shigellosis, which is characterized by diarrhea and dysentery, is a worldwide human health problem caused by the Shigella group of bacteria (Niyogi, 2005). These bacteria produce a toxin, Shiga toxin, that is comprised of two components referred to as A and B, in which the A subunit is the enzymatically active toxin responsible for inactivation of the 28s ribosomal RNA, and the B subunit is req...

Departments of Pathology, Children’s Hospital, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Anatomy, Shiga...

Shiga toxin recognizes a galactose-alpha 1-->4-galactose terminal glycolipid, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in sensitive mammalian cells and is translocated by endocytosis to the cytoplasm, where it blocks protein synthesis. To determine if Gb3 is both required and sufficient for toxicity, Gb3 content in cells was altered by blocking key biosynthetic or degradative path enzymes with specific inh...

Retrograde transport links early/recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby connecting the endocytic and the biosynthetic/secretory pathways. To determine how internalized molecules are targeted to the retrograde route, we have interfered with the function of clathrin and that of two proteins that interact with it, AP1 and epsinR. We found that the glycosphingolipid binding b...

Cattle are reservoirs for Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC), bacteria shed in animal feces. Humans infected through consumption of contaminated food or water and by direct contact, causing serious disease kidney failure the most vulnerable.

Evidence is presented that endocytosis is involved in the transport to the cytosol of the cytotoxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shiga toxin, which acts by removal of a single adenine residue in 28-S ribosomal RNA. Inhibition of endocytosis by ATP depletion of the cells prevented toxin uptake. Exposure of HeLa S3 and Vero cells to toxin at low extracellular pH, where translocation to the cytoso...

Keiko Nagahara1, 2*, Yuki Harada3*, Tohru Futami3, Masaki Takagi1, 4, Gen Nishimura5, and Yukihiro Hasegawa1 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan 2Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan 4Department of Pediatric...

a School of Optometry (Mail Code 2020), Uni ersity of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020, USA b Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga Uni ersity of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan c Department of Biophysics, Uni ersity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA d School of Optometry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uni ersity of Missouri, Saint ...