during past earthquakes, many instances of building damage as a result of earthquake surface fault rupture have been observed. the results of investigating a potential mitigation scheme are presented in this paper. such plan provides a wall in the soil with the aim of surface displacement localization in the narrow pre-determined location. this may reduce the risk of the future rupture downstre...

We describe a simple method for estimating turbulent boundary layer wall friction using the fit of measured velocity data to a boundary layer model profile that extends the logarithmic profile all the way to the wall. Two models for the boundary layer profile are examined, the power-series interpolation scheme of Spalding and the Musker profile which is based on the eddy viscosity concept. The ...

The suggestion was made in the 1870s that mechanical irritation of the arterial wall is a cause of atherosclerosis, because the changes were chiefly found at points “exposed to the full stress and impact of the blood.” The mechanical damage theory persisted until well into the 20th century when, with interest increasing in multidisciplinary research, two fluid mechanical proposals were advanced...

This study looks at blood flow through four different right coronary arteries, which have been reconstructed from bi-plane angiograms. Five non-Newtonian blood models, as well as the usual Newtonian model of blood viscosity, are used to study the wall shear stress in each of these arteries at a particular point in the cardiac cycle. It was found that in the case of steady flow in a given artery...

Microfluidic networks represent the milestone of microfluidic devices. Recent advancements in microfluidic technologies mandate complex designs where both hydraulic resistance and pressure drop across the microfluidic network are minimized, while wall shear stress is precisely mapped throughout the network. In this work, a combination of theoretical and modeling techniques is used to construct ...

Flanged shear walls are used extensively in moderate- and high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads induced by earthquakes. The seismic performance of many buildings is, therefore, closely linked to the behavior of the reinforced concrete walls. They must be carefully designed to provide not only adequate strength, but also sufficient ductility to avoid brittle failure under strong lateral lo...

During cancer metastasis, circulating tumor cells constantly experience hemodynamic shear stress in the circulation. Cellular responses to shear stress including cell viability and proliferation thus play critical roles in cancer metastasis. Here, we developed a microfluidic approach to establish a circulatory microenvironment and studied circulating human colon cancer HCT116 cells in response ...

Many wall-bounded turbulent flows are characterized by a complex interaction between the outer shear layer, the structure of which is similar to a free shear layer, and an inner layer, which is essentially a perturbed boundary layer. Examples in which such an interaction occurs are separated flows recovering from reattachment, wall jets used in the context of wall cooling, heating and separatio...

Wall-shear stress results from the relative motion of a fluid over a body surface as a consequence of the no-slip condition of the fluid in the vicinity of the wall. To determine the two-dimensional wall-shear stress distribution is of utter importance in theoretical and applied turbulence research. In this article, characteristics of the Micro-Pillar Shear-Stress Sensor MPS(3), which has been ...