Ice-sheet modelers tend to be more familiar with the Newtonian, vectorial formulation of continuum mechanics, in which the motion of an ice sheet or glacier is determined by the balance of stresses acting on the ice at any instant in time. However, there is also an equivalent and alternative formulation of mechanics where the equations of motion are instead found by invoking a variational princ...

Sea level fluctuations during glacial cycles affect the distribution of shallow marine biota, exposing the continental shelf on a global scale, and displacing coral reef habitat to steep slopes on oceanic islands. In these circumstances we expect that species inhabiting lagoons should show shallow genetic architecture relative to species inhabiting more stable outer reefs. Here we test this exp...

Shallow water marine seismic surveys are necessary to understand a range of Earth processes in coastal environments, including those that represent major hazards to society such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and sea-level rise. Predicting the acoustic radiation of seismic sources in shallow water, which is required for compliance with regulations designed to limit impacts on protected marine specie...

The bathymetry around Antarctica can govern the shelf sea circulations and play a key role in conditioning water masses. In Prydz Bay, Bay Gyre coastal currents are also determined by continental topography. However, due to paucity of beam echo sounding data, bathymetric datasets still have large uncertainties. With aid situ hydrographic observations, this study focuses on correction an up-to-d...

Abstract. Predictions of future mass loss from ice sheets are afflicted with uncertainty, caused, among others, by insufficient understanding spatiotemporally variable processes at the inaccessible base for which few direct observations exist and basal friction is a prime example. Here, we present general numerical framework studying relationship between bed surface properties glaciers. Specifi...

During two field campaigns on Lake Issyk-Kul in March and August 2001, 179 high-resolution conductivitytemperature-depth profiles were measured, along with profiles of dissolved oxygen and light transmission. On the basis of this extensive data set, we investigated the large-scale vertical advective processes responsible for deepwater renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul. At some locations sampled in Marc...

Ice-shelf basal channels form due to concentrated submarine melting. They are present in many Antarctic ice shelves and can reduce ice-shelf structural integrity, potentially destabilizing by full-depth incision. Here, we describe the viscous response a channel—secondary flow—which acts perpendicular channel axis is induced gradients thickness. We use full-Stokes ice-flow model systematically a...

Three new species of Eurypon from Northeastern Brazil are described: Eurypon clavilectuarium sp. nov.; Eurypon suassunai sp. nov. and Eurypon distyli sp. nov. Samples were collected from the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia and Paraíba States. While the majority of Atlantic Eurypon species have been described from deep water, two of three new species described in this study were ...