1. introduction the presence of some woman beside epic and mythical persons has been a widely common feature in many epicsas, for instance, ohrmazd with spenta armaiti or ahriman accompanied byjahi; jamshid, also, is blessed with his own sisters or daughters and freydun and kai khosrow with the mother as well. in these cases, the hero is led to success and fortune with the help of a feminine el...

this study reviews the formations of the family in shahnameh; distribution of power in it; and its identity. therefore, we study the theoretical background related to the subject of the research, theories related to the topic of cultural theories of malinowski, radcliffe brown, ario and shlensky, ronard and proposed research and theoretical framework of the research were written according to th...

houshang, second mythical king of iran, is introduced as pishdad in historical texts. he had the most important duties such as collecting water in ponds, ordering to hunt wild animals, clothes making, carpeting using animal's skin, and encouraging people to agriculture. arabic historical texts are written in the early islamic centuries narrating the stories of persian kings. they were derived f...

This study tried to find the strategies applied in three English translations of the Battle of Rostam and Esfandiyar. To this aim, the source text (ST) was analyzed verse by verse with each verse being compared with its English translations to determine what procedures the translators had used to render the source text. Subsequently, the frequency of usage for each procedure was measured ...

historical memory or collective memory, in studies on cultural history and history of ideas, is often neglected. it is sufficient, for example, look at the names and titles to learn of the common view of a nation. this is true about alexander’s image in our culture. in our culture and some others, alexander is a myth and sometimes a unique hero. shahnameh can demonstrate this historical memory ...

abstract   in this article first of all we invest the name of therita in avesta and then the frequency of this name in middle persian texts, after that introduce the first doctor in the historical books of islamic iran that some of them say he is fereidoon and some say he is jamshid. these three iranian mythical characters somehow have connections with medicine, and in order to define the first...

marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to zoroastrianism. there have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient iran. what have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. totemism is an ancient ...