pavement materials have great impact on heat island control under the urban canyon layer. understanding the properties of pavement materials can help to reduce the heat island effect. introducing the main properties of pavement surfaces affecting sol-air temperature and mean radiant temperature - such as albedo, permeability, conductivity, thickness, emissivity, irradiation and convective air f...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submergence and de-submergence are common phenomena encountered by riparian plants due to water level fluctuations, but little is known about the role of physiological integration in clonal plants (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) in their adaptation to such events. Using Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) as an example, this study tested the hypothe...

This research aimed to study the behavior of female Murrah buffaloes in a silvopastoral system. The trial was carried out at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, under Afi climate according Köppen classification, between August and November 2009, during less rainy season. Three different periods day were considered activity evaluation: morning period – 6:00 AM 9:55 AM; intermediary 10:00 1:55 PM; afternoon ...

Shaded similarity matrix has long been used in visual cluster analysis. This paper investigates how it can be used in classification visualization. We focus on two popular classification methods: nearest neighbor and decision tree. Ensemble classifier visualization is also presented for handling large data sets.

We determined the seasonal ecophysiological performance under perennial plants and under high solar radiation for adult individuals from the 'living rock' cactus Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus, which occurs equally under nurse plants and in open spaces. We evaluated the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and the dissipation of thermal energy [non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)] thorou...

The purpose of filtering LIDAR data is to extract the laser points which are truly reflected from the bare ground. However, the results obtained may vary since several engineers are involved in the manual filtering process. For this reason, the QC/QA maps are created in Japan after the filtering process in order to control the filtering quality. This paper describes a quality control method usi...