Fishes may show sexual dimorphism according to their reproductive strategies. In some species, this differentiation is already well known. However, with the findings obtained from recent studies, the number of species for which sex can be determined without dissection has increased. Thus far, the presence of external secondary sexual characteristics in Hoplias aimara, a very well-studied specie...

We consider sex differences in human facial morphology in the context of developmental change. We show that at puberty, the height of the upper face, between the lip and the brow, develops differently in males and females, and that these differences are not explicable in terms of sex differences in body size. We find the same dimorphism in the faces of human ancestors. We propose that the relat...

The cyprinid fish Gila atraria Girard (Utah chub) is generally considered a sexually monomorphic species. However, prior observations revealed variation in pelvic fin length within populations that appears sexually dimorphic. We measured the relative pelvic fin length of 419 sexually mature Utah chub from 8 different locations to determine the magnitude and generality of this apparent dimorphis...

We consider sex differences in human facial morphology in the context of developmental change. We show that at puberty, the height of the upper face, between the lip and the brow, develops differently in males and females, and that these differences are not explicable in terms of sex differences in body size. We find the same dimorphism in the faces of human ancestors. We propose that the relat...

Fungi often mate as haploids, and sex chromosomes (i.e., mating-type chromosomes) that are dimorphic for their size or overall DNA content have never been reported in this kingdom. Using electrophoretic techniques for karyotype analysis, a highly dimorphic chromosome pair that determines mating compatibility is shown to occur in populations of the fungus Microbotryum violaceum. This substantiat...

Sex determination is a vital step in reconstructing an individual profile from unidentified skeletal remains. Among various skeletal parts, pelvis and skull are traditional sex indicators, but teeth can often be useful when such favor segments are not available. Many studies on sex determination by population’s teeth had been studied and each finding indicated different level of sexual dimorphi...

PURPOSE Neural stem cell transplantation as a brain repair strategy is a very promising technology. However, despite many attempts, the clinical success remains very deceiving. Despite clear evidence that sexual dimorphism rules many aspects of human biology, the occurrence of a sex difference in neural stem cell biology is largely understudied. Herein, we propose to determine whether gender is...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dimorphism among floral traits can evolve through variation in selection intensity between female and male performance, especially when sex functions are separated between flowers on a plant (monoecy), or between individuals (dioecy). In animal-pollinated species, male floral traits are predicted to be larger because competition for pollinators should favour larger displays....