In sturgeon aquaculture, where the main purpose is caviar production, a reliable method is needed to separate fish according to gender. Currently, due to the lack of external sexual dimorphism, the fish are sexed by an invasive surgical examination of the gonads. Development of a non-invasive procedure for sexing fish based on genetic markers is of special interest. In the present study we empl...

a bstract background: non‑medical utilization of pre‑implantation genetic diagnosis (pgd), like sex selection, is increasing, therefore it is necessary to follow‑up the health and outcome of fertilization and newborn’s birth followed pgd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of fertilization after sex selection by pgd and the relation between the age of parents and the outcome of f...

Background and Aims: New advances in the use of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma of pregnant women has provided the possibility of applying cffDNA in prenatal diagnosis as a non-invasive method. One of the applications of prenatal diagnosis is fetal gender determination. Early prenatal determination of fetal sex is required for pregnant women at risk of X-linked and some endocrin...

diabetes mellitus is one of the common diseases leading to dialysis. in a cohort study, diabetic dialysis patients were compared with non-diabetic dialysis patients for one year about age, sex, cause and times of admission and rate of mortality. the study was done on 101 patients. at the end of the study, 88 patients remained. results were interprected by t-test and chi-square statistical analy...

Different livestock sectors as beef industries get benefit from the production of male animals while dairy industries get benefit from the milk production by the female animals. Therefore, it is obvious need to produce the animals of desired sex which can be achieved by predetermining the sex of conceptus at the time of conception i.e. pre determination of sex may be of great economic importanc...

the current research aims to present a typology of relationships with the opposite sex among young girls. the research was conducted using qualitative methods and grounded theory in addition to applying semi-structure and interactive interview techniques. the population consists of young girls aged 19-30 who live in the city of kermanshah. using purposive and theoretical sampling, 48 girls, who...