Manufacturing firms increasingly engage in service trade activities. Microlevel data show that German manufacturers account for roughly 25% of German cross-border producer service exports. I have found that particular construction, engineering, and R&D services are exported. The machinery industries and automobile and chemicals producers dominate the overall pattern. The types of services expor...

As regards labor market effects of International Outsourcing, empirical studies have difficulties in confirming theoretical results. The use of different indices adds to the puzzle. The paper examines whether measurement differences are one reason for the mismatch between empirical and theoretical findings. In fact, considering the properties of various outsourcing indices and applying a panel ...

In a wide range of industries alternative electronic distribution channels may permit disintermediation of wholesalers and of retailers. In some cases manufacturers or primary service deliverers may be able to deal directly with their customers, while in other industries existing intermediaries may be able to withstand attempts to bypass them. Two illustrative industries — consumer packaged goo...

Blockchain technologies are gradually being deployed in a variety of industries, including telecommunications. In this paper, due to the strict governance telecommunication infrastructure, we propose permissioned distributed ledger (PDL)-based blockchain supported architecture for network management and orchestration platform. The work focuses on creating trusted environment both Cloud Service ...

One of the most outstanding debates in the international economic circles is the one on productivity and related issues. Low productivity growth in most advanced countries has historically been related to structural changes and, more precisely, to the performance and weight of service industries (both in terms of labour and value added). The aim of the paper is, first, to describe the behaviour...

In a wide range of industries alternative electronic distribution channels may permit customers to deal directly with manufacturers and primary service providers, effectively disintermediating wholesalers, retailers, and agencies. In some cases manufacturers or primary service deliverers will be able to implement strategies to interact with and sell directly to their customers, while in other i...