A previously overlooked antigen shared by numerous enterobacteriaceae was described in 1962 by Kunin et al. (2). This common antigen, referred to as CA for the sake of brevity, was identified by means of hemagglutination of antigenically modified erythrocytes and Escherichia coli 014 antiserum. CA present in cultures of E. coli 014 is highly immunogenic in rabbits, whereas CA of other enterobac...

One of the biological controls pest and plant disease is use enophytic bacteria. This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial from root tissue shallot plant, which potential as entomopathogens against larvae Spodoptera litura. research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments consisting eight bacteria (isolation tissue) one control three replications. Paramet...


 Natural pigments extracted from plants are raised as a vital substitute to artificial dyes. The present study was conducted extract pigment Bistorta amplexicaule and evaluate its dyeing property, antimicrobial activity toxicity. extraction done by maceration sonication methods with 7.5% 5% yield, respectively. appeared bright- amber colored which used for fabrics food using traditional m...

Fifty fish specimen belong to seven species; Acanthobrama marmid, Alburnus mossuleusis, Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio, Garra elegans, G. rufa and Planiliza abu were examined. The samples collected from three sites on Tigris River in Baghdad City (Shawaka, ALkraiat ALatefia) during the period May October 2015. Total bacteria count for each of skin gills ranged 50 × 245 51 250 cells / g re...