Venlafaxine norepinephrine reuptake dopamine reuptake BRAINSTORMS is a monthly section of The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry aimed at providing updates of novel concepts emerging from the neurosciences that have relevance to the practicing psychiatrist. From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Center in San Diego and the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California San Diego. Reprint...

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The majority of modern antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) have one or two centers of asymmetry in their structure; resulting in the formation of enantiomers which may exhibit different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Recent developments in drug stereochemistry has led to understanding the role ...

Whether serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) enhances net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) during glucose infusion was examined in conscious 42-h-fasted dogs, using arteriovenous difference and tracer ([3-(3)H]glucose) techniques. Experiments consisted of equilibration (-120 to -30 min), basal (-30 to 0 min), and experimental (0-390 min) periods. During the experimental period, somatostatin, fou...

Introduction. Serotonin is involved in filtering of auditory stimuli. Cochlear input is processed through complex interactions between serotonergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. Options for treatment of tinnitus include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); however in rare instances this symptom may occur as a side effect of this class of medications. Case P...

Mu-opioid agonists are effective analgesics but have undesirable effects such as sedation and abuse liability that limit their clinical effectiveness. Serotonergic systems also modulate nociception, and serotonin uptake inhibitors may be useful as adjuncts to enhance analgesic effects and/or attenuate undesirable effects of mu agonists. This study examined the effects of the serotonin uptake in...

Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to stimulate the production of new neurons in the hippocampus (HPC) by increasing synaptic concentration of serotonin (5-HT). The delay in the appearance of antidepressant effects corresponds to the time required to generate new neurons. However, it is not clear which of the many serotonergic receptors in the HPC are responsible for the en...

Since the introduction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the 1950s, researchers have been searching for antidepressant agents with more favorable tolerability profiles. The introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the late 1980s provided clinicians with a drug class featuring an improved tolerability profile as compared to MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants (...