soybean mosaic virus (smv) which belongs to the virus family potyviridae, causes a disease in soybean that is present in soybean-growing areas of the world, and is widely distributed in northern iran. detection of smv is very important for disease management. in the present study several serological and molecular (nucleic acid- based) methods of rapid virus detection were compared. serological ...

Strategies for the prevention of cancer include those aimed at reducing the incidence of cancer (primary prevention) and cancer mortality through early detection of tumors (secondary prevention). The efficacy of prevention interventions is evaluated by clinical trials. The conduct of clinical trials is aided by the use of serological indicators of the carcino genic process measured using plasma...

AIMS To differentiate the serological profiles of chronic (endocarditis) Q fever from the late follow up of acute cases. METHODS Twenty patients (10 diagnosed with acute and 10 with endocarditis Q fever) were studied. Those diagnosed with acute infection were followed up from 2.5 to 88 months (mean 35.8 months). Serological variables included indirect immunofluorescence against phase I and II...

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic disease caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), which causes significant losses in goat breeding. The actual state of animal infection with SRLV is difficult to determine due to a complex pathogenesis of the virus, including factors such as delayed or intermittent seroconversion in serological tests. Several serological techniques are avai...

Trichinellosis is a serious foodborne zoonotic disease. It is an important threat to public health in both developing and developed countries. Human infections are strongly associated with consuming undercooked meat containing infective Trichinella larvae. The development of serological tools has enabled seroepidemiological studies and contributed to our knowledge on the importance of this para...

One promising field in neurovascular diseases investigation is the use of biomarkers to guide stroke etiology diagnosis and classification. Since treatment differs among etiologic subtypes and nowadays many patients receive a diagnosis of undetermined stroke, biomarkers might become an important additional diagnostic tool. In this review we update current knowledge about biomarkers related with...

The practical implementation of epidemiological surveillance programmes for rinderpest prescribed by the standards of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) is described. The rationale of surveillance is discussed in relation to the stages of disease control, discontinuation of vaccination, clinical surveillance and serological surveillance. These stages lead to provisional and confirmed...