Partitions {Lk}k=1 of A + into m pairwise disjoint languages L1, L2, . . . , Lm such that Lk = L + k for k = 1, 2, . . . , m are considered. It is proved that such a closed partition of A+ can separate the words u1, u2, . . . , um ∈ A+ (i.e. each Lk contains exactly one word of the sequence u1, u2, . . . , um) if and only if for each pair i, j of distinct elements in {1, 2, . . . , m}, the word...

Lovász conjectured that there is a smallest integer f (l) such that for every f (l)-connected graph G and every two vertices s, t of G there is a path P connecting s and t such that G − V (P) is l-connected. This conjecture is still open for l ≥ 3. In this paper, we generalize this conjecture to a k-vertex version: is there a smallest integer f (k, l) such that for every f (k, l)-connected grap...

This paper presents an algorithm for converting midi events into logical voices. The algorithm is fundamentally based on the pitch proximity principle. New heuristics are introduced and evaluated in order to handle unsolved situations. The algorithm is tested on ground truth data: inventions and fugues by J. S. Bach. Due to its left to right processing it also runs on real time input.

In this paper, we analyze the situation of long sequences of mostly capitalized words which look like a named entity but in fact they consist of several named entities. An example of such phenomena is hokejista (hockey player) New York Rangers Jaromír Jágr. Without splitting the sequence correctly, we will wrongly assume that the whole capitalized sequence is a name of the hockey player. To fin...

By representing images and image prototypes by linear subspaces spanned by “tangent vectors” (derivatives of an image with respect to translation, rotation, etc.), impressive invariance to known types of uniform distortion can be built into feedforward discriminators. We describe a new probability model that can jointly cluster data and learn mixtures of nonuniform, smooth deformation fields. O...

Spines reach out ored dendritic spines look for new challenges, say David Richards, R. Anne McKinney (in work done at the University of Zurich, Switzerland), and colleagues. Spines are small dendritic protrusions on which excitatory synapses connect to axons. Recent evidence suggested that spines are mobile even in adults. Richards et al. now suggest that this mobility allows for post-developme...

Fitting the parameters of a discrete nite mixture distribution to a set of data using the EM algorithm can be extremely diicult when the likelihood surface has many local maxima, the form of the components is unknown, and the number of components is unknown. The exponential explosion in the number of diierent models and diierent starting points for EM which must be tested can be reduced by ndin...

introduction: a variety of mesial and distal projections have been suggested for separating the canals in a multi-canaled root. but there is no general agreement on the best angulation for each tooth. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the x-ray horizontal angle for separating the canals of four-canal first mandibular molars. materials and methods: forty four-canaled mandibular molars we...