Let R be a ring. Let σ be an automorphism of R. We define a σ-divided ring and prove the following. (1) Let R be a commutative pseudovaluation ring such that x ∈ P for any P ∈ Spec(R[x,σ]) . Then R[x,σ] is also a pseudovaluation ring. (2) Let R be a σ-divided ring such that x ∈ P for any P ∈ Spec(R[x,σ]). Then R[x,σ] is also a σ-divided ring. Let now R be a commutative Noetherian Q-algebra (Q i...

The electronic conductance at zero temperature through a quantum wire with side-connected asymmetric quantum ring (as a scatter system) is theoretically studied using the non-interacting Hamiltonian Anderson tunneling method. In this paper we concentrate on the configuration of the quantum dot rings. We show that the asymmetric structure of QD-scatter system strongly influences the amplitude an...

in this paper, we apply the biswas’ idea of anti fuzzy subgroups toideals of near-rings. we introduce the notion of anti fuzzy ideals of near-rings,and investigate some related properties.

we introduce the class of “right almost v-rings” which is properly between the classes of right v-rings and right good rings. a ring r is called a right almost v-ring if every simple r-module is almost injective. it is proved that r is a right almost v-ring if and only if for every r-module m, any complement of every simple submodule of m is a direct summand. moreover, r is a right almost v-rin...

‎the annihilator graph $ag(r)$ of a commutative ring $r$ is a simple undirected graph with the vertex set $z(r)^*$ and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if $ann(x) cup ann(y)$ $ neq $ $ann(xy)$‎. ‎in this paper we give the sufficient condition for a graph $ag(r)$ to be complete‎. ‎we characterize rings for which $ag(r)$ is a regular graph‎, ‎we show that $gamma (ag(r))in {1,2}$ and...

Atropine has been used to block cholinergic neurotransmission in basic research. Large doses of atropine cause vasodilation of the blood vessels in the skin. This effect is apparently unconnected with the antimuscarinic activity of atropine and seems to be due to a direct action on the blood vessels. It has been suggested that atropine blocks muscarinic receptors at low doses and it induces th...

1 Preliminaries on monoids Definition 1.1. An Abelian monoid is a set with a binary, associative, and commutative operation which has a neutral element. It will often be called just a monoid in this manuscript because we will not deal with non-commutative monoids. A monoid M is called • finitely generated if there is a finite set of generators, or equivalently if there is a surjection of monoid...