Standard laboratory methods for measurement of soil nitrate (NO3–N) use various procedures and instruments to analyze soil samples taken from the field and transported to the laboratory. Concerns with these procedures range from delays in measurement time, the high cost of soil sampling and analysis, high labour requirements, and the need to aggregate samples. With recent advances in using the ...

T.-S. Wei, Prof. J. A. Lewis School of Engineering and Applied Science Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA E-mail: [email protected] F. Y. Fan, Prof. Y.-M. Chiang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Massachusetts Institute of Technol...

This paper discusses the theory and experiments of heating and air cooling of battery modules. The heating mechanisms are shown first. Then, cooling of a single battery is examined. Optimum air flow speed is discussed. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of IICST 2014.

The pH-sensitive chromoionophores brought the dream of the ion-selective membrane scientist close to realization. With the help of these molecules, one can build pH-sensitive, ion-selective electrodes and look into the bulk of solvent polymeric membranes during potentiometric measurements (spectropotentiometry) and image concentration profiles in situ with high spatial and temporal resolution. ...

Zero-current ion-flux has a great influence on the characteristics of the ion-selective electrodes. In this work the improvement of analytical performance of all-solid-state Pb(2+)-selective membrane electrodes was demonstrated by adjusting the transmembrane ion flux. The study is focused on the relationship between the conditioning solution and the linear working range of the obtained electrod...

Dielectrophoresis is the movement of particles in nonuniform electric fields and has been of interest for application to manipulation and separation at and below the microscale. This technique has the advantages of being noninvasive, nondestructive, and noncontact, with the movement of particle achieved by means of electric fields generated by miniaturized electrodes and microfluidic systems. A...

In recent years, ion-selective electrodes based on polymer membranes have been shown to exhibit detection limits that are often in the nanomolar concentration range, and thus drastically lower than traditionally accepted. Since potentiometry is less dependent on scaling laws that other established analytical techniques, their performance in confined sample volumes is explored here. Solid-contac...

The measurement of sulfide, especially hydrogen sulfide, has held the attention of the analytical community due to its unique physiological and pathophysiological roles in biological systems. Electrochemical detection offers a rapid, highly sensitive, affordable, simple, and real-time technique to measure hydrogen sulfide concentration, which has been a well-documented and reliable method. This...

The paper presents a new approach in the field of precise electrolytic conductivity measurements with planar thin- and thick-film electrodes. This novel measuring method was developed for measurement with comb-like electrodes called interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). Correction characteristics over a wide range of specific conductivities were determined from an interface impedance characterizati...

The dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion was generated by the action of HBF(4) or BF(3)⋅OEt(2) on the corresponding cycloheptadienynol complex, which in turn has been prepared in four steps from a known diacetoxycycloheptenyne complex. The reaction of the cycloheptadienynol complex via the dehydrotropylium-Co(2)(CO)(6) ion with several nucleophiles results in substitution reactions with reactive n...