Understanding the potential groundwater resource distribution is critical for sustainable development, conservation, and management strategies. This study analyzes maps in Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea, using random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), extreme (XGB) methods. Fourteen conditioning factors were evaluated their contribution to assessment an elastic net. Curvature, ...

We introduce a new reinforcement-learning model for the role of the hippocampus in classical conditioning, focusing on the differences between trace and delay conditioning. In the model, all stimuli are represented both as unindividuated wholes and as a series of temporal elements with varying delays. These two stimulus representations interact, producing different patterns of learning in trace...

Classical conditioning paradigms, such as trace conditioning, in which a silent period elapses between the offset of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the delivery of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and delay conditioning, in which the CS and US coterminate, are widely used to study the neural substrates of associative learning. However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of the neura...