Historically, seed banks conferred resilience to Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands by providing propagules of many species to replace invasive plants, such as Typha glauca Godr. After flooding, the seed bank could allow recovery of wetland composition and structure as the water levels fall. Using the seedling emergence method to estimate seed density, species and guild richness, and flori...

Fire is a disturbance factor in ecosystems worldwide and affects the reproduction of many plant species. For some species, it is just one of several disturbances that trigger seed germination and subsequent seedling recruitment, whereas in other ‘fire-dependent’ species, fire may be required for seedling recruitment. Fire may trigger seed regeneration directly, through the opening of serotinous...