OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate the use of analgosedation in the management of agitation in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. DATA SOURCES Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1948-November 2011) and Cochrane Library (2011, issue 1) using the terms analgosedation, analgosedation, or analgesia-based sedation alone or in combination with intensive care unit or critically ill...

In postmortem investigations of fatal intoxications it is often challenging to determine which drug/s caused the death. To improve the interpretation of postmortem blood concentrations of sedative and hypnotic drugs and/or clonazepam, all medico-legal autopsies in Sweden - where these drugs had been detected in femoral vein blood during 1992-2006 - were identified in the databases of the Nation...

Barbiturates were formerly the primary sedative-hypnotic agents used clinically. Currently, they are most often encountered as anticonvulsants, induction agents for anesthesia, and agents used for procedural sedation. Because the barbiturates have largely been replaced clinically by benzodiazepines due to safety concerns, their prevalence in overdoses has drastically decreased when compared wit...

Abstract Introduction Sedative medications are commonly prescribed for older adults; these include neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, opioids, ‘z’ drugs and trazadone. The prevalence of sedative drug prescriptions is increasing (1). Nursing home residents three times more likely to be benzodiazepines (2). Regular medication review education have been shown reduce rates use in nursing homes (3). We ...

Objective To compare the oral abuse potential of hydrocodone extended-release (ER) tablet developed with CIMA ® Abuse-Deterrence Technology with that of hydrocodone immediate release (IR). Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Setting and Patients One study site in the United States; adult nondependent, recreational opioid users. Methods After confirming th...

background: renal failure is an important adverse effect of drug poisoning. determining the prevalence and etiology of this serious side effect could help us find appropriate strategies for the prevention of renal failure in most affected patients. objectives: the present study is aimed to identify drugs that induce renal failure and also to find the prevalence of renal failure in patients refe...

background: the goal of this investigation was to compare the behavioral and physiological effects of three sedative drug regimens: oral meperidine (om), submucosal meperidine (sm) and oral midazolam (m) in healthy pediatric patients. materials and methods: this study sample consisted of thirty children aged 24-72 months (mean = 41.1) exhibiting definitely negative behavior. three sedative regi...

Abstract —The mechanisms of the ketamine antidepressant effects observed in humans and laboratory animals are not fully understood. To further clarify role brain serotonergic (5-HT) activity action drugs, optogenetic inhibition 5-HT neurons rat dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) was applied. In control animals, a subanesthetic dose alleviated their depressive-like behavior tail suspension test. Inhibit...