background: all-trans retinol is a biological antioxidantscavenging the ros in the cell culture. objectives: this studywas conducted to investigate the effect of all-trans retinol infertilization and culture medium on mouse embryo's developmentalcompetence. methods: this study was designed into twoexperiments. in the first experiment, in vitro mature oocytes wereco-cultured with sperm in fertil...

Clinicians who treat patients using Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) face many potential dilemmas in their relations with involuntary outpatients and the exercise of their powers. We compare the dilemmas identified in the literature with those reported by responsible clinicians in New Zealand (NZ). These clinicians experienced a number of well-known dilemmas, such as determining the right mome...

The foreign language effect (Costa et al., 2014) refers to a phenomenon in which the response to a moral dilemma depends on whether it is asked in a native or second language. This study explored this effect with Japanese participants using various types of moral dilemmas. Study 1 adopted twelve variations of trolley dilemmas from Mikhail (2007). Study 2 used seven types of moral dilemmas from ...

This study concerns the dilemmas student teachers met during their field experiences: what they were and what coping strategies they used. Its purpose is to help staff and students better understand the challenges student teachers face as they move from university-based to school-based learning. Data reveal three main categories of dilemmas: teaching, professional identity and future career pla...