development of a numerical model which describes launching of offshore jackets from barge is presented in this paper. in this model, in addition to capabilities of commercial softwares, water entry forces on jacket members and an implicit newmark solution technique are included. the results are in general agreement with other numerical software’s available (sacs). fluid forces acting on jacket ...

Uniquely among extant vertebrates, birds possess complex respiratory systems characterised by the combination of small, rigid lungs, extensive pulmonary air sacs that possess diverticula that invade (pneumatise) the postcranial skeleton, unidirectional ventilation of the lungs, and efficient crosscurrent gas exchange. Crocodilians, the only other living archosaurs, also possess unidirectional l...

In birds, diverticula of the lungs and air sacs pneumatize specific regions of the postcranial skeleton. Relationships among pulmonary components and skeletal regions they pneumatize allow inferences about pulmonary anatomy in non-avian dinosaurs. Fossae, foramina and chambers in the postcranial skeletons of pterosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs are diagnostic for pneumaticity. In basal saurisch...

The Indian sillago, Sillago indica McKay, Dutt & Sujatha, 1985, is redescribed on the basis of three paratypes and two newly collected specimens. The presence of two posterior extensions of the swimbladder instead of one suggests that it belongs to the subgenus Sillago. Comments on its subgeneric status and comparisons with members of Sillago (Sillago) are provided. Two specimens collected from...

The metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC), an active key component of garlic supplements, were examined in rats and dogs. A single dose of SAC was administered orally or i.v. to rats (5 mg/kg) and dogs (2 mg/kg). SAC was well absorbed (bioavailability >90%) and its four metabolites-N-acetyl-S-allyl-l-cysteine (NAc-SAC), N-acetyl-S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (NA...

Because of its physiological importance in the rapid growth rate of birds and the continous air flow that provided it the lungs in both inspiration and expiration, the present study was performed to examine the air sac system on twelve mature turkeys of both sexes and different weight . Seven air sacs were demonstrated associated with the two lungs and characteristic for the turkey. They compri...

In this paper, we present an analytic evaluation of the Safe Control Systems (SaCS) pattern language for the development of conceptual safety designs. By a conceptual safety design we mean an early stage specification of system requirements, system design, and safety case for a safety critical system. The SaCS pattern language may express basic patterns on different aspects of relevance for con...

Air sacs are an important component of the avian respiratory system, and corresponding structures also were crucial for the evolution of sauropod dinosaur gigantism. Inferring the presence of air sacs in fossils so far is restricted to bones preserving internal pneumatic cavities and foramina as osteological correlates. We here present bone histological correlates for air sacs as a new potentia...