17 Zimmern RL, Campbell FW, Wilkinson IMS. Subtle disturbances of vision after optic neuritis elicited by studying contrast sensitivity. Effect of seat belt legislation on the incidence of sternal fractures seen in the accident department In the United Kingdom legislation on the compulsory wearing of seat belts was introduced on 1 February 1983. Subsequently the number of front seat occupants o...

Automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for those aged 3 to 33, with 43,005 (118 per day) Americans killed in 2002 alone. Seat belt use reduces the risk of serious injury in an accident, and refraining from using a cell phone while driving reduces the risk of an accident. Cell phone use while driving increases accident rates, and leads to 2,600 U.S. fatalities each year. An active pro...

HYPOTHESIS Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) is an unreliable method for assessing intra-abdominal injury in patients with seat belt marks. DESIGN Retrospective review of trauma patients with intestinal injury and seat belt marks during a 3-year period. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, FAST results, computed tomographic (CT) scan results, and operative findings. Th...

This paper proposes an emergency locking unit (ELU) for a seat belt retractor which is mounted on the back frame of a vehicle seat. The proposed unit uses a recliner sensor based on a MEMS acceleration sensor and solenoid mechanism. The seat has an upper frame supported to tilt on a lower frame. The retractor in belt in seat (BIS) system is supported by the upper frame. The proposed recliner se...

This study sought to determine whether fitting a more aggressive seat belt reminder system to new vehicles would be cost-beneficial for Australia. While seat belt wearing rates have been observed around 95% in the front seat, non-wearing rates in casualty crashes are as high as 33% among persons killed and 19% among seriously injured occupants. Benefits were computed for three device options (s...

Although seat-belts are the most effective means of preventing severe injuries and deaths from road accidents, drivers and passengers in many developing countries neglect to wear them. This study aimed to measure the rate of use of seat-belts and factors affecting their use in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. In direct observations of 7718 vehicles at randomly selected sites in Tehran, 77.9% o...

The dynamic loads exerte d on legs of seated bus passengers during a frontal traffic collision we re studied. Passengers are being displaced as a result of a bus collision with an obstacle and the nat ure of such displacement depends on the design of se ats and personal protections applied (2or 3-point safety belt or no belt) . The study describes the dynamic loading of thighs as a function of ...

The use of current seat belts has been shown to be effective in reducing deaths and serious injuries to restrained car occupants by 50% compared to unrestrained. Real world accident studies have identified limitations to the performance of set belts. This has led to the next major evolution in restraint design which is the development of the intelligent restraints. The options for intelligent r...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a program to increase the wearing of seat belts in a South African urban area would be worthwhile in societal terms. DESIGN A cost benefit analysis of a one year enhanced seat belt enforcement program in eThekwini (Durban) Municipality. METHODS Data were drawn from two main sources--a 1998 study of the cost of road crashes in South Africa and, given the absence ...