BACKGROUND Programmed DNA elimination and reorganization frequently occur during cellular differentiation. Development of the somatic macronucleus in some ciliates presents an extreme case, involving excision of internal eliminated sequences (IESs) that interrupt coding DNA segments (macronuclear destined sequences, MDSs), as well as removal of transposon-like elements and extensive genome frag...

Coexpression of bovine papillomavirus L1 with L2 mutants lacking either eight N-terminal or nine C-terminal amino acids that encode positively charged domains resulted in wild-type levels of viral genome encapsidation. Despite wild-type binding to the cell surface, the resulting virions were noninfectious. An L2 mutant encoding a scrambled version of the nine C-terminal residues restored infect...

We report on the implementation of high dimensional scrambled Sobol sequences for Monte Carlo Simulations under the statistical software packages R and SPlus. The generator provides low discrepancy sequences distributed uniformly in [0, 1) or distributed normally with mean zero and variance one. The implementation interfaces the ACM Algorithm 659 which allows to generate three different types o...

Point-light animations of biological motion are perceived quickly and spontaneously, giving rise to an irresistible sensation of animacy. However, the mechanisms that support judgments of animacy based on biological motion remain unclear. The current study demonstrates that animacy ratings increase when a spatially scrambled animation of human walking maintains consistency with two fundamental ...

In this paper, we study CAT(0) groups and Coxeter groups whose boundaries are scrambled sets. Suppose that a group G acts geometrically (i.e. properly and cocompactly by isometries) on a CAT(0) space X. (Such group G is called a CAT(0) group.) Then the group G acts by homeomorphisms on the boundary ∂X of X and we can define a metric d∂X on the boundary ∂X. The boundary ∂X is called a scrambled ...

We demonstrate an expanded procedure for assessing drug-label comprehension. Innovations include a pretest of drug preconceptions, verbal ability and label attentiveness measures, a label-scanning task, a free-recall test, category-clustering measures, and preconception-change scores. In total, 55 female and 39 male undergraduates read a facsimile Drug Facts Label for aspirin, a Cohesive-Prose ...

Previous research suggests that face recognition may involve both configurational and piecemeal (featural) processing. To explore the relationship between these processing modes, we examined the patterns of recognition impairment produced by blurring, inversion, and scrambling, both singly and in various combinations. Two tasks were used: recognition of unfamiliar faces (seen once before) and r...

The sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN) was used to investigate the effect of spatial layout on the maintenance of letters in VSTM. SPCN amplitude was measured for words, nonwords, and scrambled nonwords. We reexamined the effects of spatial layout of letters on SPCN amplitude in a design that equated the mean frequency of use of each position. Scrambled letters that did not for...