Internal impingement is a commonly described cause of shoulder pain in the overhead athlete, particularly in tennis players. Three shoulder dysfunctions, often correlated with internal impingement symptoms, require attention in the rehabilitation strategy of internal impingement in the tennis player: (1) acquired glenohumeral anterior instability, (2) loss of internal rotation range of motion, ...

Scapular dyskinesis in pitchers can potentially lead to impairments in the optimal performance of muscles of the shoulder complex. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate whether the use of a scapula stabilizing t-shirt can decrease stress and discomfort in over-head baseball pitchers. Thirty-two semi-professional baseball pitchers were divided into 2 groups. Group A dressed the s...

The term "internal impingement" describes the normal physiological contact that occurs between the posterosuperior glenoid and the greater tuberosity in positions of hyperabduction and external rotation. This physiological contact can become symptomatic when repeated overhead motion results in partial articular-sided posterosuperior rotator cuff tears and lesions of the posterosuperior glenoid ...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review and critique the evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests for the scapula in patients with shoulder disorders. METHODS A systematic, computerised literature search of PubMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library databases (from database inception through January 2012) using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of physica...

The shoulder is at high risk for injury during overhead sports, in particular in throwing or hitting activities, such as baseball, tennis, handball, and volleyball. In order to create a scientific basis for the prevention of recurrent injuries in overhead athletes, four steps need to be undertaken: (1) risk factors for injury and re-injury need to be defined; (2) established risk factors may be...

Objective: To review internal impingement of the shoulder. Design: Review article. Anatomic & Biomechanical Factors: Internal impingement is typically understood to be the impingement of the cuff on the posterior-superior labrum, with shoulder abduction and external rotation, a position seen in overhead athletes. While pinching of the cuff on the posterior labrum can be seen in normal subjects,...