The dynamics of cosmic scalar fields with flat potential is studied. Their contribution to the expansion rate of the universe is analyzed, and their behaviour in a simple model of phase transitions is discussed. ∗Work supported by the research program FP52 of the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM). ∗∗e-mail: [email protected] The universe is observed to expand [1], and this ex...

Because observations of galaxies and clusters have been found inconsistent with General Relativity (GR), the focus of effort in developing a Scalar Potential Model (SPM) has been on the examination of galaxies and clusters. The SPM has been found to be consistent with cluster cellular structure, the flow of IGM from spiral galaxies to elliptical galaxies , intergalactic redshift without an expa...

Conditional branches are expensive. Branches require a signi cant percentage of execution cycles since they occur frequently and cause pipeline ushes when mispredicted. In addition, branches result in forks in the control ow, which can prevent other code-improving transformations from being applied. In this paper we describe pro le-based techniques for replacing the execution of a set of two or...

We consider scalar-torsion gravity theories based on the exact solutions of a physical type potential for cosmological inflationary models non-minimal coupling scalar field and torsion. analyzed with different types dynamics corresponding parameters. Such an approach allows us to potentials in context realization both stages accelerated expansion universe. also considered correspondence surroun...

By mechanically distorting a crystal lattice it is possible to engineer the electronic and optical properties of material. In graphene, one major effects such distortion an energy shift Dirac point, often described as scalar potential. We demonstrate how potential can be generated systematically over entire device resulting changes in graphene work function detected transport experiments. Combi...