We re-examine the original model of Natural inflation, in which the inflaton is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson with potential of the form V (φ) = Λ[1 ± cos(φ/f)], in light of recent data. We find that the model is alive and well. Successful inflation as well as recent data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy probe require f > 0.6mPl (where mPl = 1.22 × 10 19 GeV) and Λ ∼ mGUT , scales which...

In recent years, a large number of linear and nonlinear laser-based diagnostic techniques for non-intrusive measurements of species concentrations, temperatures, and gas velocities in a wide pressure and temperature range with high temporal and spatial resolution were developed and have become extremely valuable tools to study many aspects of combustion. Nonlinear laser spectroscopic techniques...

the problem of propagation of plane wave including body and surface waves propagating in a transversely isotropic half-space with a depth-wise axis of material symmetry is investigated in details. using the advantage of representation of displacement fields in terms of two complete scalar potential functions, the coupled equations of motion are uncoupled and reduced to two independent equations...