GTS associates with every IF-sentence φ and suitable modelM a semantical game GM(φ), played by two players, one in the role of Verifier and one in the role of Falsifier. Moves in the game are choices for domain elements as assignments for the variables bound by the quantifiers ∃ (move for player in the role of Verifier) and ∀ (move for the player in the role of Falsifier) and choices for ‘left’...

The aim of this paper is to explore some aspects of the syntax-semantics interface representations which correspond to expletive negation (EN) and negative concord (NC). I shall postulate that a syntactic operation of logical absorption, conceived as feature checking, is needed in the theory of grammar in order to account for both phenomena. EN instantiates a nonnegative context; it will be cha...

The study tests the hypothesis of an embodied associative triangle among relative tone pitch (i.e., high or low tones), vertical movement, and facial emotion. In particular, it is tested whether relative pitch automatically activates facial expressions of happiness and anger as well as vertical head movements. Results show robust congruency effects: happiness expressions and upward head tilts a...

The abstract framework of Disputation Theory is applied to disjunctive logic programs with nonmonotonic negation. This induces a particular semantics, which is proved equivalent to a recently proposed one that has been obtained via Argumentation Theory. The distinguishing feature of general Disputation Theory is an abstract scheme for skeptical proof methods, where entailment is established by ...

In this paper I explore the logical range of sentential negation types predicted by the theory of HPSG. I find that typological surveys confirm that attested simple negation strategies neatly line up with the types of lexical material given by assuming Lexical Integrity and standard Phrase Structure Grammar dependencies. I then extend the methodology to bipartite negation and derive a space of ...

Extended programs are normal programs extended with classical negation. Because of the classical negation in the head of the rules, an extended logic program can be contradictory. Human reasoning is often based on conflicting evidence and on assumptions which are not always valid. Our goal is to derive useful conclusions from programs that may be contradictory. We consider rules to be defaults....

Introduction: health is one the greatest blessings of great lord to people. many researches have been done that analyzed relation between prayer and health that most of them was about mental health. Physical health is a dimension of life that is importance and few researches have been done about it then in this article, we want study the relationship between pray and physical health among the i...

A head-mounted camera was used to measure head direction. The camera was mounted to the forehead of 20 6and 20 12-month-old infants while they watched an object held at 11 horizontal ( 80 to þ 80 ) and 9 vertical ( 48 to þ 50 ) positions. The results showed that the head always moved less than required to be on target. Below 30 in the horizontal dimension, the head undershoot of object directio...