abstractderivative action is an action filed by shareholders against corporatedirectors in order to recover corporate’s rights. this mechanism is set up tohave the directors answerable for their failure in carrying out their duties.prior to the ca 2006, foss v. horbottle rule deprived shareholders of takingany action against directors but in exceptional cases. acknowledging theright of filing d...

BACKGROUND Recipients of healthcare services have rights, which must be acknowledged and protected. Such rights include observance of acceptable patient physical, mental, spiritual, and social needs guided by commonly accepted rules and regulations. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of awareness rates and observance of patient rights in Iran from t...

Recently, the Chilean Senate approved main ideas of a constitutional reform and Neuro-rights bill. This bill aims to protect people from potential abusive use “neuro-technologies”. Unfortunately, literal interpretation this law can produce severe negative effects both in development neuroscience research medical practice Chile, interfering with current treatments countless patients sufferin...

BACKGROUND The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, as a constituent of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-pore. Among its hypothesized functions, the regulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and apoptosis have been suggested; in addition alterations of PBR site density have been shown in some neuropathologic conditi...

India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2007. This is a welcome step towards realizing the rights of the persons with disability. The UNCRPD proclaims that disability results from interaction of impairments with attitudinal and environmental barriers which hinders full and active participation in society on an equal basis with others. F...