Abstract. The detachment of rock fragments from fractured bedrock on hillslopes creates sediment with an initial size distribution that sets the upper limits particle for all subsequent stages in evolution landscapes. We hypothesize should depend latent (i.e., fracture-bound blocks unweathered bedrock) and weathering both before during (e.g., disintegration along crystal grain boundaries). Howe...

Indonesia is one of the largest Ni ore producers in world and also expected to be an important potential source some critical metals (e.g., Co, Sc, rare-earth elements, platinum-group elements). However, few studies have examined laterite deposits this country. In study, we investigate enrichment accumulation four profiles with varying degrees serpentinization weathering intensity Soroako Pomal...

Abstract. Within the critical zone, regolith plays a key role in fundamental hydrological functions of water collection, storage, mixing and release. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is recognized as remarkable tool for characterizing geometry properties regolith, overcoming limitations inherent to conventional borehole-based investigations. For exploring shallow layers, small electrode ...

Abstract Critical Zone Science (CZS) explores the deep evolution of landscapes from base groundwater or saprolite‐rock interface to top vegetation, zone that supports all terrestrial life. Here we propose a framework for CZS evolve further as discipline, building on 1st generation CZOs in natural systems and 2nd human‐modified systems, incorporate human behaviour more holistic understanding 3rd...

How flowing water and organisms can shape Earth9s surface, the Critical Zone, depends on how fast this layer is turned over by erosion. To quantify dependence of rock weathering cycling elements through ecosystems erosion we have used existing new metrics that partitioning between rock, saprolite, soil, plants, river dissolved solid loads. We demonstrate their utility at three sites along a glo...

[1] We developed a process-oriented hillslope soil mass balance model that integrates chemical and physical processes within hillslope soils. The model explicitly factors that soil chemical weathering at any hillslope position is related to the flux of soil eroded from upslope as well as soil production from underlying bedrock. The model was merged with measurements of soil elemental chemistry ...

Abstract. The phosphorus (P) concentration of soil solution is key importance for plant nutrition. During large rainfall events, the P altered by lateral and vertical subsurface storm flow (SSF) that facilitates mobilization, redistribution within profile potential export from ecosystem. These processes are not well studied under field conditions. Important factors replenishment concentrations ...

Quantifying erosion rates and processes remains a central focus of studying the Earth’s surface. Measurement of in situ–produced cosmogenic radionuclides (CRNs) enables a level of quantifi cation that would otherwise be impossible or fraught with uncertainty and expense. Remarkable success stories punctuate the fi eld over the last decade as CRN-based methodologies are pushed to new limits. Inh...

With increasing global demand for nickel (which is a key component of stainless steel) the focus of mineral industry is currently on the abundant low-grade nickel laterite reserves. The extraction of nickel from the low-grade laterites is a technically difficult and expensive process and, as a result, the profitability of nickel production projects is highly affected by uncertainty over future ...