A comparative electron microscopic study was made on the effects of saponin on the sinusoids and capillaries of various organs of rabbits and the sinusoids of the bone marrow in cats, dogs, rats and mice. Animals received an intravenous injection of saponin at a dose of 2 mg per kg of body weight and were sacrificed 6 hours after injection. In rabbits, the sinusoidal endothelium of the bone mar...

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of the absorption enhancer saponin on the intrarenal distribution of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) following the kidney surface application of 5-FU in rats. We selected an experimental system utilizing a cylindrical diffusion cell attached to the kidney surface. The intrarenal concentration of 5-FU 120 min after right kidney surface application of...

Four multiparous pregnant Nubian goats at late lactation were subjected to injection of a saponin preparation from Gypsophila roots. Saponin solution was injected into one single gland of each goat after milking 8 times. At day 2 in treatment, milk yield began to be affected, and dropped down dramatically from day 3 till dry off at day 8. The pH value of milk was increased in udder halves treat...

The synthetic anti-Boophilus microplus vaccine SBm7462 derived from the tick intestinal protein, Bm86, induced a protective immune response when emulsified in saponin and used in cattle. Using a mice model, and with the objective of improving the vaccine by continual peptide release, it was encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 microspheres and inoculated in BALB/c mice to assess the immunological respons...

paris polyphylla smith var. yunnanensis (liliaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant of the yunnan province in china. however, the genomic information regarding this plant is limited. to further understand its molecular background, we conducted illumina hiseq 2000 second-generation sequencing of this plant species. approximately 30,198,679 reads with an average length of 202 bases we...

The results of a comparative study of the respiration rates of mitochondria in saponin-skinned rat cardiac fibers (SF) and in fibers treated with saponin and collagenase (SCF) suggest that only about half of the whole population of mitochondria manifest their activity in SF, in contrast to SCF, in response to extracellular substrates of oxidative phosphorylation. The apparent K(m) value for ADP...

The present study comprises physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of arial parts of Eclipta alba in different extracts using ethanol, petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and aqueous solvents by using standard methods. The physical evaluation was carried out for the determination physiochemical profile such as ash values and extractive values, whereas phytochemical evaluation was carried...

Compositional changes in ginsenosides and crude saponin during enzymatic biotransformation of red ginseng were studied on three commercial polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, Pectinex, Termamyl, and Celluclast. Considerable enhancement of crude saponin production was observed with Pectinex, whereas hydrothermally processed black ginseng showed significant decrease. Celluclast-treated red ginsen...

From the dried flower-buds of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, a new minor dammarane-type triterpene saponin named ginsenoside III together with nine known saponins was isolated. On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, the structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta,12 beta,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-25...

One-step isolation of a saponin from Aralia elata was undertaken using high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. A triterpenoid saponin, elatoside F, was purified with 96.8% purity using a two-phase-system comprising chloroform-methanol-water-isopropanol. The yield was 35.0 mg from 348.2 mg of the enriched saponin fraction. In vitro anti-infla...