This paper investigates the impact of provided service by the retailers and manufacturers on customers’ demand and members’ profit in a supply chain. It focuses on a supply chain structure with one manufacturer and a common retailer. The demand of customers depends on retailer price and service level. A game-theoretic framework is applied to obtain the equilibrium solutions for each entity in s...

The provision of water supply and sanitation services to the developing and water scarce areas of South Africa is one of the goals of the Reconstruction and Development Programme. One of the principles of the South African National Sanitation Policy stipulates that sanitation systems which have unacceptable impacts on the environment cannot be considered to be an adequate form of sanitation. Th...

BACKGROUND The accessibility to improved water and sanitation has been understood as a crucial mechanism to save infants and children from the adverse health outcomes associated with diarrheal disease. This knowledge stimulated the worldwide donor community to develop a specific category of aid aimed at the water and sanitation sector. The actual impact of this assistance on increasing populati...

The performance of a supply chain can be evaluated in either a cross-sectional or a time series manner, and data envelopment analysis is a useful method for both types of evaluation. In this paper we develop an index and indicator of productivity change that can be used with radial and non-radial models for supply chain malmquist index. The supply chain malmquist productivity index (SCMPI) can ...

Growing global demand for energy, result in depletion of easily access source of fossil fuels. To fulfillment of this huge demand, oil and gas industry expanded to develop offshore oil and gas reservoirs in recent years, which made environmental management challenging. IRAN owns one of the biggest offshore gas reservoir in PERSIAN GULF with high geopolitical and financial importance. Along the ...

compared to industrial companies, we have neither enough related literature nor available researches concerning the issue of evaluating the supply chain management as well as supply chain performance. therefore, the current article aims to identify and prioritize measures of evaluating the performance of services supply chain. thus, we first review the related text and define the processes of s...

We develop a price competition model for a new supply chain that competes in a market comprised of some rival supply chains. The new supply chain has one risk-neutral manufacturer and one risk-averse retailer in which the manufacturer is a leader and retailer is a follower. The manufacturer pays a fraction of the risk cost (caused by demand uncertainty) to the retailer. We apply this competitiv...

in the current competitive market, productive and economical firms need to manage and monitor resources and elements related to outside the organization, in addition to considering the organization and its internal resources. so today, supply chain management is proposed as one of the fundamental infrastructures for implementing e-commerce worldwide. supply chain management is a phenomenon that...

from the beginning of emerging concept of supply chain, a variety of strategies or paradigms have been developed for supply chain organizations .the most important paradigms are four main paradigms, namely the lean, agile, resilience and green. each of these paradigms has advantages and disadvantages. using the benefits of this paradigms and the plan to eliminate the disadvantages of each parad...