PROBLEM The lack of proper water and sanitation infrastructures and poor hygiene practices in health-care facilities reduces facilities' preparedness and response to disease outbreaks and decreases the communities' trust in the health services provided. APPROACH To improve water and sanitation infrastructures and hygiene practices, the Liberian health ministry held multistakeholder meetings t...

The existence of inequitable distribution of water and sanitation services in not in doubt. The problem has already received recognition and equity has been adopted as a key theme that should be monitored and measured every year as part of the sector’s performance review. The study revealed that existing policy prescriptions, strategies and guidelines are largely inclusive of equity provisions....

Today about 2.4 billion people in rural and urban areas do not have access to adequate sanitation services. Within 20 years, it is expected that an additional 2 billion will live in towns and cities, mainly in developing countries, demanding sanitation. Still over 90% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas. Conventional sanitation co...

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to assets and other household data, collected as part of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2004, to rank individuals according to a household socioeconomic index and to investigate whether this predicts access to the sanitation system or outcomes. PCA was used for determining wealth indices for 11,440 women in 10,500 households...

The aim of this study was to estimate the economic benefits and costs of a range of interventions to improve access to water supply and sanitation facilities in the developing world. Results are presented for eleven developing country WHO sub-regions as well as at the global level, in United States Dollars (US$) for the year 2000. Five different types of water supply and sanitation improvement ...

One of the animating beliefs of British health service reformers in the first half of the twentieth century was that delivery would improve if greater co-ordination was imposed over disparate providers. The fundamental divisions were between the voluntary, public and private sectors. Voluntary provision predominantly meant acute care hospitals, but also included a range of other therapeutic and...

This research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in Thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumer behavior. The research showed that the highest environmental co...

An intervention study for schistosomiasis control is being carried out in the county of Afonso Cláudio, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, having begun in February 1992. This study is an alternative response to classical control methods. The project is being developed using an interdisciplinary approach and involves both research and service institutions. The organization of health services at th...