vanillin is undoubtedly one of the most popular and widely used flavoring agents in the world. natural vanillin is extracted from vanilla beans and is relatively expensive. moreover, the consumer demand for natural vanillin highly exceeds the amount of vanillin extracted by plant sources. this had led to the investigation of alternative routes for its production such as microbial bioconversion....

background and objectives: bacillus species are attractive industrial organisms due to their rapid growth rates leading to a short fermentation cycle and for their capacity to secrete important enzymes and proteins such as xylanase into the extracellular medium. considering the industrial importance of xylanase, in this current study, bacillus spp. were isolated from different soils and were sc...

the determination of toxoplasma gondii prevalence in a variety of domestic birds is thought as a good indicator of distribution of t.gondii ooccyts in the environment. to verify the potential role of domestic birds in circulating toxoplasmosis in iran, the present study was conducted in mazandaran provinces, northern iran. latex agglutination test (la) antibodies were found in 25 of 58 free-ran...

objective(s):   the ongoing increasing antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges faced by global public health. the perennial need for new antimicrobials against a background of increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms obliges the scientific community to constantly develop new drugs and antimicrobial agents. lichens are known prolific sources ...

many powdery mildew fungi occur as anamorphic state on different host plants in guilan province, iran. the species have usually been identified as oidium spp. in order to identify teleomorphic species using anamorphic characteristics and host range, several infected plant specimens were collected from around guilan province during 2004-2011. based upon  the  results of the study 25 species were...