Much of the public finance literature argues that local governments behave competitively due to residents’ ease of exit and entry. The model presented here challenges this widespread conclusion. Though it is costless to relocate to another locality, the presence of tax capitalization makes it impossible for land-owners to avoid monopolistic pricing of public services by moving; land-owners can ...

Goods producers in Canada rely on transportation networks to move raw materials and intermediate goods among production sites and finished goods to domestic and international markets. Firms in the retail, tourism and other service sectors also depend on transportation networks to assemble supplies and goods for sale and to bring customers to their facilities. Events that disable parts of the tr...

This paper addresses the changing ideology regarding reproduction, an evolving American, and potentially worldwide, value system regarding children and parenthood. Children are increasingly being seen as products, and the new technology of reproduction, including the sale of reproductive material and services and especially prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion, encourage this commodificati...

This paper has been attempted to compare the effect of market sale and contract strategies on yield, using a 90 survey data from tomato farmers in Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran on 2007 and applying the game theory approach. The results showed that the effect of no-contract strategy with tomato processing factories is more than contracted strategy on tomato yield in farm level. With respect to ...

The practice of E-Commerce has been demonstrated since 1965 when consumers were allowed to withdraw their money from Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) and use credit cards at point of sale terminals for purchasing purposes. E-Commerce is a general term for the conduct of business with the assistance of telecommunications infrastructure, and of tools and services running over that infrastructure....

As a decentralized technology, P2P architecture arises as a new model for distributed computing and transaction in the last few years, consequently there is a need for a scheme to incorporate payment services to enable electronic commerce transaction via P2P systems. In this paper, the cascading sale model is described for multi-party P2P transaction, an efficient pricing and routing scheme is ...

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It is vital for financial services companies to ensure the rapid implementation of new processes to meet speed-to-market, service quality and compliance requirements. This has to be done against a background of increased complexity. An integrated approach to business processes allows products, processes, systems, data and the applications that underpin them to evolve quickly. Whether it’s provi...

Configuration management problems are discussed in the context of one of Europe’s largest wide area networks, the START travel services network. Problems are caused mainly by the size of the network, its heterogeneity, its growth rate and the availability requirements of day-to-day operations which are stretching the current file-based configuration management system that is used to control the...

Exchanges often sell both trading services and price information. We study the effect of combining the sale of these two products on price discovery, in a rational expectations model. We show that pricing errors and thereby speculators’ trading profits decline when price information becomes available in real-time to a wider number of speculators. As a result, speculators’ willingness to pay for...