BACKGROUND Concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are reported to increase in marine ecosystems. OBJECTIVES Characterize exposure to BFRs in animals from different trophic levels in North-East Atlantic coastal marine ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient from southern Norway to Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in the Arctic. Calanoid species were collected from the Oslofjord (59 degrees...

We consider the stream authentication problem when an adversary has the ability to drop, reorder or inject data inthe network. We propose a coding approach for multicast stream authentication using the list-decoding property of Reed-Solomon codes. We divide the data to be authenticated into a stream of packets and associate a single trapdoor hashcollision for every λn packets wh...

As marine ecosystems respond to climate change and other stressors, it is necessary evaluate current past hybridization events gain insight on the outcomes drivers of such events. Ancestral introgression within gadids has been suggested allow cod inhabit a variety habitats. Little attention given contemporary hybridization, especially cold-water-adapted ( Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774 Arctoga...

Abstract The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard East Siberian Sea were genotyped with dedicated suite 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). overall pattern isolation by distance (IBD) found w...

The Algerian universities have witnessed significant changes since the establishment of three-tier system composed Licence, Master, and Doctorate (LMD). latter necessitates many in learning process as well teaching methods. Yet, to achieve self-directed learning, learner should first autonomy at personal level. Thus, this paper is mainly devoted analyzing impress cultural social traditions on d...

The practice of the online learning system in Algeria is novel. However, with spread Covid 19, Algerian universities have been compelled to undertake remote and digital teaching. University Dr. MoulayTahar Saida has arbitrarily hastened implementing E-learning as an alternative teaching measure maintain both positive educational outcomes keep students safe healthy. This research purports examin...

Abstract In order to assess the potential impact from oil spills and decide optimal response actions, prediction of population level effects key resources is crucial. These assessments are usually based on acute toxicity data combined with precautionary assumptions because chronic often lacking. To better understand consequences applying approaches, two approaches for assessing Arctic keystone ...

Arctic cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) are often found in front of glaciers, which is the least studied species' habitats. Uummannap Kangerlua and Sullorsuaq West Greenland provide a unique opportunity to study glacial habitat, as they among few places with directed fishery. Inuit fishers from these fjords regularly catch fresh bait for halibut (<i>Reinhardtius hippoglossoides&l...