rangeland ecosystems shift across dynamic thresholds between differentecological states in response to natural or human-induced factors. these differentecological states are the result of interactions among climate, soils, grazing history,and management practices. the notion of a single ‘‘pristine’’ final state is onlyconceptual in nature, and because of this, dynamic thresholds and the effects...

we apply the two-sector production function developed by ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. the results show a non-linear relationship of the armey curve in iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total gove...

The system has come to light through the way of inspiration to develop a compact system, based on the fundamental ideas of safety, security and control. Once this system is installed to operation specifying temperature and smoke threshold, in case of any emergency situation due to increasing temperature and/or smoke at place surpassing the threshold, the system immediately sends automatic alert...

Dose–response profiles for both induction and elicitation phases were evaluated with seven chemical allergens using the guinea pig maximization test. Considering the risk assessment of contact sensitization in its practical sense, the profile of elicitation would be more critical than that of induction, and it should be evaluated in a maximally induced human population or experimental animals. ...

In this paper, we propose an evolutionary game model to analyze the investment decision making process in the cyber offender-defender interaction and provide a quantified approach for defender to calculate the safety threshold to avoid the occurrence of offender-leading game. Then we use simulation as a workbench to discuss the adjustment of each parameter to the security investment threshold. ...

Safety cases offer a means for communicating information about the system safety among the system stakeholders. Recently, the requirement for a safety case has been considered by regulators for safety-critical systems. Adopting safety cases is necessarily dependent on the value added for regulatory authorities. In this work, we outline a structured approach for assessing the level of sufficienc...

Based on continuous revolution of coal mining technology,this paper puts forward a project about safety monitoring system of coal mine using Zigbee technology and RS485 interface. A system is designed using group of sensors which monitors the different environmental condition in underground mines and if value exceeds from threshold value, then the Miners are informed through Alarm. Another modu...

Photovoltaic restoration of sight requires intense near-infrared light to effectively stimulate retinal neurons. We assess the retinal safety of such radiation with and without the retinal implant. Retinal damage threshold was determined in pigmented rabbits exposed to 880nm laser radiation. The 50% probability (ED50) of retinal damage during 100s exposures with 1.2mm diameter beam occurred at ...