In past three decades almost everything has changed in the field of malware and malware analysis. From malware created as proof of some security concept and malware created for financial gain to malware created to sabotage infrastructure. In this work we will focus on history and evolution of malware and describe most important malwares.

This paper investigates local government consolidations with a focus on public choice aspects in the decision-making. Politicians could lose future payoffs if their locality merges with a larger counterpart, and they may sabotage the merger process. The analysis with data from 3,212 Japanese municipalities reveals that a long-serving mayor would present an obstacle to consolidation.

In the classical framework of graph algorithms, program logics, and corresponding model checking games, one considers changes of system states and movements of agents within a system, but the underlying graph or structure is assumed to be static. This limitation motivates a more general approach where dynamic changes of structures are relevant. In this thesis, we take up a proposal of van Benth...