Changes in the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) with increasing CO2 concentrations are examined using the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Climate Model (GCM). Four simulations performed with fixed CO2 concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 times preindustrial levels using the GCM coupled with a mixed layer ocean model are analyzed in terms of the basic state, rainfall, moisture and zonal ...

High-resolution simulations over a large tropical domain (;208S–208N, 428E–1808) using both explicit and parameterized convection are analyzed and compared to observations during a 10-day case study of an active Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event. The parameterized convection model simulations at both 40and 12-km grid spacing have a very weak MJO signal and little eastward propagation. A 4-k...

Parameterizations of cumulus convection for use in large scale numerical models of the atmosphere are classified according to whether they are based on an energy equilibrium principle or on a balance between the supply of mass or moisture and its consumption by convection. Though some of the most popular cumulus parameterizations are based on mass or moisture balance, I argue that energy balanc...

Survival is one of the most central population measures when the effects of the pollution are studied in natural bird populations. However, only few studies have actually measured rigorous survival estimates on adult birds. In recent years there has been a methodological advance in survival analyses by mark-recapture models. We modelled local survival (including mortality and emigration) with t...

Postzygotic isolation may be important for maintaining species boundaries, particularly when premating barriers are incomplete. Little is known about the course of events leading from minor environmental mismatches affecting hybrid fitness to severe genetic incompatibilities causing sterility or inviability. We investigated whether reduced reproductive success of hybrid males was caused by subo...

Abstract: Anewmodel is derived and analyzed for tropical–extratropical interactions involving theMadden– Julian oscillation (MJO). The model combines (i) the tropical dynamics of the MJO and equatorial baroclinic waves and (ii) the dynamics of barotropic Rossbywaves with signi cant extratropical structure, and the combined system has a conserved energy. The method of multiscale asymptotics is a...

The recently developed maximum entropy production (MEP) model, an alternative parameterization of surface heat fluxes, is incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A pair of WRF cloud-resolving experiments (5 km grids) using the bulk transfer model (WRF default) and the MEP model of surface heat fluxes are performed to hindcast the October Madden-Julian oscillation (MJ...