A car navigation system’s job is to plan a good route from an origin to a destination. There are many different options how this can be accomplished. Path choices can be calculated based on static road map representations, or they can take into account dynamic information like, e. g., known road blocks or the current traffic situation. More recently, the idea has gained ground that navigation s...

Hazardous materials traffic originates and terminates at numerous different locations throughout the North American railroad network. Rerouting of this traffic, especially Toxic Inhalation Hazard materials, away from populated areas has received considerable attention in recent years as a means of reducing risk. However, rerouting on a route specific basis is neither simple nor necessarily effe...