The surface structure, especially the roughness, has a significant influence on numerous parameters, such as friction and wear, and therefore estimates the quality of technical systems. In the last decades, a broad variety of surface roughness measurement methods were developed. A destructive measurement procedure or the lack of feasibility of online monitoring are the crucial drawbacks of most...

The planetary topography has been the main focus of the in-orbital remote sensing. In spite of the recent development in active and passive sensing technologies to reconstruct three dimensional planetary topography, the resolution limit of range measurement is theoretically and practically obvious. Therefore, the extraction of inner topographical height variation within a measurement spot is ve...

Perthometer is an instrument used for the measurement of surface roughness, externally and some intricate internal parts. The stationary part of this instrument gives the details of the surface roughness by using the grit numbers and graph which is helpful at a certain extent. This paper makes the use of disadvantage of Perthometer that, the readings give the details of the surface roughness in...

1 6 Abafact This report presents a study and evaluation of the technology and methodologies available for predicting the response of mobile ground equipment to dynamic input from terrain roughness. The purpose of the report is to develop a technical foundation for the subsequent formulation of military specifications for durability of ground vehicles used at air bases. The report reviews the te...

Uncertainty measures can supply new points of view for analyzing data and help us to disclose the substantive characteristics of data sets. Some uncertainty measures for single-valued information systems or single-valued decision systems have been developed. However, there are few studies on the uncertainty measurement for interval-valued information systems or interval-valued decision systems....

A method of incorporating surface roughness into theoretical calculations of surface forces is presented. The model contains two chief elements. First, surface roughness is represented as a probability distribution of surface heights around an average surface height. A roughness-averaged force is determined by taking an average of the classic flat-surface force, weighing all possible separation...

This paper reports the correlation between film thickness, nanostructure and DC electrical properties of copper thin films deposited by PVD method on glass substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for crystallography and morphology investigation, respectively. Resistivity was measured by four point probe instrument, while a Hall effects measurement system w...

We propose a long-term parameterization scheme for two critical parameters, zero-plane displacement height (d) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0m), that we further use in the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS). A sensitivity analysis of SEBS indicated that these two parameters largely impact the estimated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes. First, we calibrated regression relationships b...

An approximate analytical model was developed to estimate scalar ̄ux footprint in thermally strati®ed atmospheric surface layer ̄ows. The proposed model was based on a combination of Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model results and dimensional analysis. The main advantage of this model is its ability to analytically relate atmospheric stability, measurement height, and surface roughness length...