Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is an aerobic diazotrophic plant-growth-promoting bacterium isolated from different gramineous plants. We showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced at early stages of rice root colonization, a typical plant defense response against pathogens. The transcription of the pathogen-related-10 gene of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway but not of the PR-1 gen...

The successful colonization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is an initial and compulsory step in the protection of plants from soil-borne pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the role of root exudates in the colonization of PGPR. Banana root exudates were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) which revealed exudates contained sever...

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) plays an important role in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition and regulates plant responded to climate warming. We conducted a field experiment in a natural forest and a plantation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau to estimate the warming effects of open-top chambers (OTC) on ECM and N nutrition of Picea asperata seedlings. Four-year warming significantly decreased ECM colonization,...

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) play an important role in promotion of plant growth as well as increasing plant tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses. because of this, special attention was paid to amf in sustainable agriculture. biotic and abiotic factors can affect the development of the mycorrhizal relationship. to evaluate the effect of some bio-ecological parameters, on activity of am...

Plant roots play a dominant role in shaping the rhizosphere, the environment in which interaction with diverse microorganisms occurs. Tracking the dynamics of root-microbe interactions at high spatial resolution is currently limited because of methodological intricacy. Here, we describe a microfluidics-based approach enabling direct imaging of root-bacteria interactions in real time. The microf...

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) form a nodule symbiosis with legumes, but also induce certain effects on non-host plants. Here, we used a split-root system of barley to examine whether inoculation with Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 on one side of a split-root system systemically affects arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization on the other side. Mutant strains of NGR234 deficient in Nod ...

Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) and industrial sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) colonized by Glomus deserticola, G. etunicatum, and G. intraradices were grown in aeroponic cultures. After 12 to 14 weeks, all roots were colonized by the inoculated vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Abundant vesicles and arbuscules formed in the roots, and profuse sporulation was detected intra-and extraradical...

At three sites in a blue oak woodland in northeast California, we studied seasonal patterns of blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook and Arn.) fine root (< 2 mm diameter) production and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization using root ingrowth cores. In a short-term study, ingrowth cores were installed and harvested in 3-month intervals for one year. Oak fine root production was lower in fall and winte...

the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi on growth and phosphorus (p) inflow into two species of clover plant with different root morphology were studied. the experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design consisting of a 2×3×3 factorial combination of two clover species (trifolium alexandrinum l. and trifolium pratense l.), three mycorrhiza states (without mycorrhiza, gl...