Abstract Causal inference has attracted enormous attention in clinical neuroscience over the past years. The correct communication and interpretation of causal claims is crucial for researchers. In this review, we briefly introduced statistical basis terms potential outcome framework distinguished different interpretations experimental observational studies. Based on recent efforts formulating ...

Product development is recognized as cross-functional, knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced, globally competitive environment. Researchers and practicing managers contend that design engineers may play an important role in product development efforts. However, their effect on the product development process is not well understood and the extent of th...

Barker and Taranto (2003) introduce the “paradox of asserting clarity,” arguing that true assertions of the form It is clear that p are necessarily uninformative. Following a Stalnakerian perspective according to which assertions are felicitous only if they are informative, assertions of clarity should therefore never be felicitous: either they are false or they are uninformative. I address thi...

data type, 151, 184Ackermann function, 103, 105, 115Ada, 32, 51add, 56adjacency-list representation, 69adjacency-matrix representation, 69aggregate expression, 50, 57Aho, 21ALGOL, 51alias,153, 160, 165, 204alias analysis, 160, 204, 211all, 57Allen, 20, 51Alloy, 21Analytical Engine, 32, 51anchor of auxiliary map, 126Andersen, 14...

Background Pain and emotional well-being are complexly associated both globally and in the moment. Emotional regulation strategies may contribute to that complexity by shaping the pain–well-being association. Purpose Using emotional intelligence (EI) as an integrative conceptual framework, this study probed the role of emotional regulation in the associations of osteoarthritis pain with emotion...

Teaching is a highly emotional and demanding profession. Developing emotional well-being among teachers will benefit not only the teachers themselves, but also their students. Previous studies have shown the protective role of emotional intelligence (EI) as well as inconsistencies in the years of teaching experience variable on positive and negative work-specific variables. The aim of the prese...

We examine markets for information where consumers want to coordinate their decisions and producers compete for consumers’ attention. We describe information sources in terms of their quantity, accuracy, and clarity. We find that competition for attention leads to homogeneity of information sources, even when consumers would want to pay attention to heterogeneous sources. Clarity plays a promin...