From a public health perspective, road safety education and training seem to be largely ineffective. There is little scientific evidence to suggest that they contribute to reduced risk, injury or fatality among those targeted. Some programs do influence road user behaviour and reduce the crash risk and/or injury of road users but these appear to be in the minority. Education and training progra...

Intersections constitute one of the most dangerous elements in road systems. Traffic signals remain the most common way to control traffic at high-volume intersections and offer many opportunities to apply intelligent transportation systems to make traffic more efficient and safe. This paper describes an automated method to estimate the temporal exposure of road users crossing the conflict zone...

Road crashes remain an important public health issue. This study aimed to assess the perceived importance of four types measures for reducing traffic crash rates. For this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from a national sample 1,200 Spanish drivers responding telephone-assisted survey. The most valued road safety those related users’ training/education and infrastructural improvements...

There has been an increasing concern about inactive drivers who would easily lead to road accidents and fatalities once return to driving. This study investigated the re-usability of traffic signs for inactive drivers with consideration of driver factors and cognitive sign features. Fifty-seven Hong Kong Chinese, who possessed a full driving license but had not driven for an extended period, co...

The road environment can affect driver speed choice through influencing both the driver’s perception of their current speed, and the speed that they think is appropriate for the road. These influences and their effects on speed can therefore affect crash rates. This report reviews the influence of various factors within the road environment, including the geometry of the road, the roadside envi...

The GM-MDS conjecture of Dau et al. (ISIT 2014) speculates that the MDS condition, which guarantees the existence of MDS matrices with a prescribed set of zeros over large fields, is in fact sufficient for existence of such matrices over small fields. We prove this conjecture.

during a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the urmia university of medical sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3...

Although road agencies need to provide road infrastructure that is beneficial for road users, little is known about how the activities of the agencies influence the value creation of road infrastructure. From a service-dominant logic perspective, the importance of road maintenance and traffic management activities for the contribution of road infrastructure to the value-creation process of road...