Land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. Decreasing of forest area in the North of Iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. The aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of Land Sat 7 ETM+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

Climatic warming and permafrost thaw are predicted to increase Arctic riverbank erosion, threatening communities accelerating sediment, carbon nutrient cycling between rivers floodplains. Existing theory assumes that pore-ice sets erosion rates, but overpredicts observed rates by orders of magnitude. Here, we developed a simple model predicts more modest due sediment-entrainment limitation armo...