Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary stage of the occurrence of river systems 3. Development of rivers in the Paleozoic 4. Change of hydrography in the Mesozoic 5. Modification of river systems in the Cenozoic 6. Water balance change of the river basins in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic 7. Features of dynamics of the hydrographic network and channel deformations 8. Hydrography and water resources of the ...

The impact of global warming on the water cycle can be extremely complex and diverse. The results of research summarized below illustrate the scale and the geography of the components' possible changes on a global, regional and local level due to global warming. The changes of air temperature, precipitation, river runoff, évapotranspiration and soil moisture are analyzed on different stages of ...

the land-locked country of afghanistan has a restricted but relatively diverse ichthyofauna comprising 85 species in 10 families. the fauna is dominated by cyprinidae (50 species) and other ostariophysans (28 species). eight species are endemics to afghanistan within its political boundaries. there are three principal drainage basins: the endorheic amu darya draining to the aral sea with 29 spe...

The South Fork Eel River, northern California (United States), displays a prominent knickzone in its longitudinal profi le that may represent a perturbation that is propagating upstream. We investigated two tributary basins (Standley and Bear Pen Creeks) located downstream from this major trunk-stream knickzone to document the presence of knickzones within tributary and subtributary streams and...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract An integrated global water resources model was developed consisting of six modules: land surface hydrology, river routing, crop growth, reservoir operation, environmental flow requirement estimation, and anthropogenic water withdrawal. It ...

Nitrogen from the Mississippi River Basin is believed to be at least partly responsible for the large zone of oxygen-depleted water that develops in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. Historical data show that concentrations of nitrate in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries have increased by factors of 2 to more than 5 since the early 1900s. We have used the historical streamflow and...

background: in this study, the chemical quality of water in some sub-basins of gamasiab river has been investigated for a long term planning of water consuming in the region . methods: the area is about 11 x10 3 km 2 , located in ramadan and kermanshah, the two western regions of iran. in this regard the results of the water samples, which were collected on the outlet of the 13 hydrometrical st...