Pooling is an important component in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for aggregating features and reducing computational burden. Compared with other components such as convolutional layers and fully connected layers which are completely learned from data, the pooling component is still handcrafted such as max pooling and average pooling. This paper proposes a learnable pooling function usi...

Sparse Coding, a popular feature coding method, has shown superior performance in visual recognition tasks. Different pooling methods, such as average pooling and max pooling, are commonly employed after feature coding. However, it has not been explained clearly what characteristic accounts for the success of pooling method. In this paper, a new pooling method, namely protected pooling, is prop...

In their seminal work, Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) have shown that in competitive insurance markets, under asymmetric information, pooling contracts cannot exist in equilibrium, firms make zero profit, and, under some circumstances, equilibrium does not exist. In the present work, the model is extended by introducing unobservable wealth in addition to the differing risks. The study shows tha...

Many theories have emerged which investigate how invariance is generated in hierarchical networks through simple schemes such as max and mean pooling. The restriction to max/mean pooling in theoretical and empirical studies has diverted attention away from a more general way of generating invariance to nuisance transformations. In this exploratory study, we study the conjecture that hierarchica...

Cross-ownership smooths firms' idiosyncratic shocks but affects their portfolio choice and, therefore, risk-taking position. The classical intuition on the role of pooling risk in raising welfare is valid when ownership evenly dispersed. However, some firms concentrated hands a few others, deeper integration leads to excessive and volatility consequently, it results lower aggregate welfare.

Mining for Bitcoins is a high-risk high-reward activity. Miners, seeking to reduce their variance and earn steadier rewards, collaborate in so-called pooling strategies where they jointly mine for Bitcoins. Whenever some pool participant is successful, the earned rewards are appropriately split among all pool participants. Currently a dozen of different pooling strategies (i.e., methods for dis...

A pooling space is a ranked poset P such that the subposet w+ induced by the elements above w is atomic for each element w of P . Pooling spaces were introduced in [Discrete Mathematics 282:163-169, 2004] for the purpose of giving a uniform way to construct pooling designs, which have applications to the screening of DNA sequences. Many examples of pooling spaces were given in that paper. In th...